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Tax Withholding Calculator — W-4 Federal Withholding Estimator

Estimate your federal income tax withholding based on income, filing status, and allowances. Find out if you'll owe or get a refund.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is tax withholding?

Tax withholding is the amount your employer deducts from each paycheck and sends directly to the IRS on your behalf. It's applied toward your annual tax liability.

What happens if too little is withheld?

You'll owe the difference when you file your tax return, plus potentially a penalty if you underpay by more than $1,000.

What happens if too much is withheld?

You'll get a refund — but you've essentially given the government an interest-free loan. Many financial advisors recommend withholding just enough to avoid penalties.

How do I change my withholding?

Submit a new W-4 form to your employer. You can update it at any time during the year.

When should I recalculate my withholding?

After major life events: marriage, divorce, new job, having a child, buying a home, or significant income changes. The IRS recommends checking annually.

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